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Vector Projections (1)

Imagine it's a clear day and the sun is shining down upon the Earth. Let's pretend that the line containing vector v is the ground. Let's pretend that vector u is a stick with one endpoint on the ground and one endpoint in the air. Since the sun is shining brightly, vector u would therefore cast a shadow on the ground, no? The projection of u onto v is another vector that is parallel to v and has a length equal to what vector u's shadow would be (if it were cast onto the ground).

What condition(s) would cause the projection of u onto v to be equal to u itself?

What condition(s) wold cause the projection of u onto v to be equal to the zero vector <0,0>?

Quick (Silent) Demo